This diagram shows evolution (over millions of years, the past at the bottom, the present at the top), of anthropoids initially, to the split between apes and humans, followed by the evolution of humans in a small enough area in Africa such that we are the same genetically whilst we develop bipedalism, big brains (for mapping, memory and sharing information), tool use etc., culminating in human ‘socialkind’ (SK). [This is oversimplified but will do...] Then the SK disperse out of Africa worldwide, and diversify their societies in tribal-villages to suit terrain and climate conditions. The solid ‘SK’ lines represent the global flowering of tribal, migratory or settled, ‘rooted’ communities (locally self-reliant and self-governing), which spread around the world from equator towards both poles, and east and west, in astonishing variety over a period of probably only a few tens of thousand (or perhaps two million) years. The dotted lines branching off the SK lines after around ten thousand years before present represent civilisations, which formed here and there, from time to time, were more-or-less parasitic, living off the SKs, either taking villagers as slaves and seizing land for plantations, or taking surplus produce by trade or taxation, surviving in this way until the resources they depend on were exhausted. The very solid line for modern civilisation has expropriated virtually all the land and peoples, represented by broken dotted lines, so that, since the outbreak of World War II, there has been scarcely any SK left, the remnants living in poverty, on marginal scraps of land, or in city slums, their traditional costumes, cultures and habitations replaced by ragged cast-offs, their people hankering after jobs, money and gadgets, some fighting amongst each other with Kalashnikovs and whatever obsolete munitions they can buy.

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